A serum sodium level of 150 mEq/L is indicative of which condition?

A serum sodium level of 150 mEq/L is indicative of hypernatremia, which occurs when there is an excess of sodium in the bloodstream relative to water. Normal serum sodium levels typically range from about 135 to 145 mEq/L. When sodium levels rise above this range, it suggests that the body has either a surplus of sodium or a deficit of water, causing the concentration of sodium to increase.

In hypernatremia, the body often experiences signs of dehydration, as there is not enough water available to dilute the serum sodium concentration. Symptoms can include thirst, dry mouth, confusion, and muscle twitching. Understanding this condition is critical for proper diagnosis and treatment, especially in populations at risk such as the elderly, those with limited access to water, or individuals with certain medical conditions.

Other options, such as very high or very low sodium intake, could lead to imbalances, but they do not directly connect to the increased sodium levels indicated by a value of 150 mEq/L. Hyponatremia, on the other hand, refers to lower sodium levels and would be observed with values significantly below the normal range, which is contrary to the provided level.