In a study, which variable represents the outcome that is measured?

In research studies, the outcome variable, often referred to as the dependent variable, is the one that is measured to assess the impact of other variables or factors in the study. In this case, volume is identified as the outcome being measured. This suggests that the research is likely examining how other factors influence the final volume of a product, such as a baked good.

The other factors listed—leavening, storage days, and oven temperature—are independent variables that may affect the outcome. For instance, changes in oven temperature or the duration of storage days might influence the volume of the baked item, but they are not the outcome themselves. The study focuses on how these independent factors contribute to the final measured volume, thereby establishing a relationship between them and the outcome. Understanding this dynamic is crucial for interpreting the results of the study effectively.