What supplementation can reduce the risk of neural tube defects?

Folic acid supplementation is well-established as an effective measure to reduce the risk of neural tube defects in developing fetuses. Neural tube defects, which include conditions such as spina bifida and anencephaly, arise during early pregnancy when the neural tube does not close properly. Research indicates that adequate levels of folic acid before conception and during the early stages of pregnancy significantly lower the incidence of these defects.

Folic acid, a B-vitamin, is crucial for DNA synthesis and repair, as well as for cell division, making it particularly important during the rapid cell growth that occurs in early pregnancy. Public health recommendations often include the advice for women of childbearing age to take folic acid supplements, emphasizing the importance of this nutrient regardless of whether they are planning a pregnancy.

Iron, glutamine, and arginine, while important for various physiological functions and overall health, do not specifically target neural tube defect prevention in the way that folic acid does. Consequently, the recommendation to supplement with folic acid is supported by extensive evidence in the field of maternal-fetal health.